Vol. 20 No. 1, Page 1-55

January 2, 2001

Factors that were connected with anemia to the age baby 5-7 months

By Dibi Cahyaningdiah *, Budi Utomo *, Adi Hidayat **

A cross sectional study was performed in 1998 among infants 5 to 7 months of age in Indramayu regency, West Java, to define the prevalence of anemia and to investigate associated factors for anemia. Subject were part of the sample from the study on iron and zinc supplementation in infants. A heel prick sample of capilary blood was taken from 199 infants and the hemoglobin concentration was assayed using the Hemocue B-hemoglobin photometer. Data were analyzed using the EPI Info version 6.04 and important variables were analyzed with logistic regression using the SPSS-PC version 10.0. Hemoglobin concentrations ranging from 7.0 to 14.1 g/dL and the mean values was 10.45  1.25 g/dl. Overall the prevalence of anemia was 65.3% , ranging from 51,1% in infants of 5 months old to 80,0% in infants of 8 months old. The following factors were significantly associated with anemic infants age and paternal education. The multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of anemia in infants of 5 months old was 0,29 lower than infants of 7 months old (O.R.=0.29;95% confidence inteval O.R.=0.124 - 0,689). The risk of anemia in infants was 0.58 lower in father with higher education compared to those with lower education, but was statistically not significant (O.R.=0.58;95% confidence interval O.R.=0.315 - 1.075). Early anemia in infants of 5 to 7 months old was associated with the age of infants
Language : Indonesia

Smoking as a risk factor of periodental disease

By Eddy Kasim

Smoking leads to a variety of pathologic conditions which causes diseases, even death. Nicotin in cigarettes alters the immune response sistem and blood vessels in the dental tissue. Studies on smoking reported of the increase of dental plaque formation and the decrease of gingival inflammation threshold. There is a relation between smoking and early onset peridontitis, and in the long term causes periodontal disorders and dental loss. Conversely, cease smoking can give a benefit to periodontal tissue which support good results of dental therapy.
Language : Indonesia

Factors that played a role in carsinogenesis

By Elna Kartawiguna

The majority of cancers are caused by extrinsic factors. These include environmental carcinogens (chemical carcinogen, radiation and virus) and modifying factors (e.g., hormonal imbalance and dietary deficiency).Genetic and psychological factors also play a role in determining the probability of an individual developing cancer. Some cancers have one dominant factor as their causative agent. There are three major stages in tumor development : initiation, promotion and progression. Cancer epidemiology and experimental carcinogenesis have established that cancer is a disease caused by multiple factors and multistage in its development. Because the major causative factor of cancer is extrinsic, theoretically most cancers can be avoided. A rational approach for prevention is the understanding of cancer etiology and its biologic evolution into progressively more malignant state.
Language : Indonesia

The management of secondary hypertension resulting from the difference of the anatomy deviation renovaskuler in the young and old age

By Diana Samara

Essential hypertension is high blood pressure which etiology is unknown. Whereas renal hypertension is caused by disease of kidney and comprises 5-10% of all hypertension cases. Several studies indicate that in elderly, the cause of renovascular hypertension is atherosclerosis, and in children and woman, fibromuscular dysplasia. Renal hypertension can be caused by disorder of renovascular (for example, disease of renal caused by renal artery oclusion), disease of renal parenchym, or it can be caused by both of them. This paper is focused only on renovascular hypertension.Clinical manifestation of renovascular hypertension is not clear and it is difficult to be treated with common drugs. Abdominal bruit at epigastrium or upper abdominal quadrant, is important sign. Renal arteriografy is an accurate method to diagnose renovascular hypertension. Medical therapy with antihypertension drugs can control hypertension, but not effective for the progression of lesion. General conservative medical management is not the first choice, for better results angioplasty or operation should be considered.
Language : Indonesia

The distribution of the activity butirilkolinesterase to the ethnic group's Javanese population in Jakarta

By Elly Herwana *, Franciscus D.Suyatna **, Rianto Setiabudy

Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme which found in serum. This enzyme involved in the metabolism of many drugs, especially in succinylcholine metabolism. Genetic variant of butyrylcholinesterase decreased enzyme activity and prolonged the duration of drugs effect. Succinylcholine administration as a muscle relaxant to the butyrylcholinesterase variant, caused a markedly prolonged apnea and must be helped by a mechanical respiration. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of butyrylcholinesterase activity and the phenotype of butyrylcholinesterase among a Javanese population residing in Jakarta. The study was done to measure the butyrylcholinesterase activity and phenotype in 246 subjects. The distribution of butyrylcholinesterase activity ranged between 450 – 1380 u/l. Nineteen individuals (7,7 %) had low enzyme activity. Inhibitor tests indicate that all subjects were of normal butyrylcholineaterase phenotype
Language : Indonesia

Andropause : the possibility of substitute therapy for testosterone in the elderly

By Ellen p. Gandaputra*, Raditya Wratsangka

Andropause, a syndrome in aging consist of physical, sexual, and psychologic symptoms that include weakness, fatigue, reduced muscle and bone mass, impaired hematopoiesis, oligospermia, sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, memory impairment, and reduced cognitive function. Free levels begin to decline at rate of 1% years. It is estimated 20% men aged 60-80% years have levels below the lower limit of normal. Although the casual relationship between declining levels and development of andropause symptoms is no firmly established, administration of to this population resulted in improvements in many areas. Most studies to date focused on physical benefits of replacement and failed to assess pyychologic systems rigorously. Premiliminary date suggest that therapy may benefit elderly men with new-onset depression administration is not without problems, the most worrisome being the potential for increased prostate cancer risk. Despite this concern, a limited number of studies administered the hormone weekly for up to 2 years, with only mild increases in prostate specific antigen over control values. Currently, insufficient evidence, primarily regarding psychologic safety and efficacy, exists to warrant general administration of to elderly hypogonadal men. Further clinical investigations of this therapy in men with low levels and andropouse symptoms are justified and necessary
Language : Indonesia