Vol. 26 No. 3, Page 111-159

July 1, 2007

Use of reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and dot blot hybridization with biotinylated labeled DNA probe techniquws to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood serum

By Maria Lina Rosilawati*a & Budiman Bela**

BACKGROUND

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood serum can be detected by means of molecular biology techniques such as reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and dot blot hibridization with a biotinylated labeled DNA probe. The techniques subsequently can be applied to screen HIV from blood of biological tissues such as radiation sterilized amnions and. allografts especially from National Nuklir Energy Agency Research Tissue Bank. Purpose of this research is, to detect HIV by comparing the sensitivity of the RT-PCR- dot blot hybridization with a biotinylated labeled DNA probe and RT-PCR-agarose gel electrophoresis methods.

METHODS

Samples used in this research were blood sera from Fatmawati Drug Dependent Hospital. The amount of the samples were 55 blood sera consisted of 5 negative and 50 positive HIV samples which were analysed with the rapid test and enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) serological assays, respectively. HIV RNA in blood serum was extracted by means of RNA viral extraction kit while one step RT-PCR technique was performed for DNA amplification process.

RESULTS

Results of this research revealed that the HIV positive could be detected on 43 of 55 samples either by RT-PCR agarose gel electrophoresis or RT-PCR dot blot hybridization techniques. The detection result of RT-PCR dot blot hybridization appeared much more clear than RT-PCR agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Several samples with positive HIV appeared as thick black dots on the film whereas on agarose gel the same samples performed as thin DNA bands.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results obtained, the RT-PCR dot blot using biotinylated labeled probe techniques are more sensitive than RT-PCR agarose gel electrophoresis techniques to detect HIV in blood serum. Keywords : HIV, RT-PCR, dot blot hybridization, blood serum

Language : Indonesia

Smoking and age as risk factors of cataract in agriculture farmers aged 30 years and over

By Lusianawaty Tana*a, Laurentia Mihardja*, & Lutfah Rif’ati*

Background

The purpose of this study assesed a relation of smoking factor to the cataract in agriculture farmers and their families, in Teluk Jambe Barat in Karawang Subdistrict.

METHODS

A cross sectional designed study was done, on 2005, with 1223 samples aged 30 years and up among agriculture farmers and their families in 4 villages, selected with purposive random sampling methods. Data collection was done through interview, measurement, and examination. Cataract was diagnosed through ophthalmoscopic examination without midriatic by ophthalmologists.

RESULTS

The study found that besides age factor, the smoking factor had a positive relation to the cataract. The cataract in the heavier smoker’s group was higher than the cataract in the light smoker’s group.

CONCLUSIONS

Age and smoking were the risk factors of cataract in agriculture farmers.

Language : Indonesia

Exon prediction on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum based on coding sequence structure using hidden Markov model

By Suhartati Agoes*a, Dadang Gunawan**, Sardy S**, & Hoedojo***

BACKGROUND

A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used for exon prediction on DNA of genes Plasmodium falciparum that has a model structure based on exon region structure in coding sequence (CDS). The objective research was to develop a new structure model to predict exon on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum based on CDS structure using the HMM system.

METHODS

Model design in CDS, between two exon regions can be found one intron region and the model state number is used for its region. Its state number is used by separating start codon from first exon region and stop codon from the last exon region up to 9. The Viterbi algorithm and the backward-forward method for transition as well as emission states are used for training process. Furthermore, Viterbi and Baum-Welch algorithms are used for the testing process. The correlation coefficient (CC) was used as performance indicator, as the ratio of the estimated state in the output and the original state in the input of the model.

RESULTS

The simulation results has shown that the CC values depend on the given of the backward-forward transition state values randomly. The model with state number 9 showed the highest average of CC values of 0.7289 for Viterbi algorithm, and is 0.7166 for Baum-Welch algorithm. However, the lowest average of CC values has been found for the model with state number five. Its values are 0.6735 by using Viterbi algorithm and 0.6661 by using Baum-Welch algorithm.

CONCLUSION

The new structure model based on HMM system was valid to predict exon on DNA-genes of Plasmodium falciparum. Keywords: Exon Prediction, DNA-gene, coding sequence, Hidden Markov Model

Language : English

Neck musculoskletal among workers with static position

By Diana Samara*

Neck pain at worker is usually caused by musculoskletal disorders with strain and sprain of muscles and ligaments around the neck. A study shows that prevalence of musculoskletal neck pain in society for 1 year is 40% and prevalence of women is higher than men. Some jobs which have risk to neck pain are working with computer for long time or working by sitting for long time. Lifting, pushing or carrying things, dancer, truck drivers, also can caused neck pain. Most of neck pain disappears without treatment. The most important for workers are job modification included administration management and ergonomic. Keywords : Neck pain, static position, risk factors, workers
Language : Indonesia

Management of tuberculosis in pregnancy

By Meiyanti*

Tuberculosis as well as tuberculosis in pregnancy continues to be a major health problem in the world. It has been reported that incidence of tuberculosis in pregnancy is increasing. The symptoms of tuberculosis in pregnancy are similar to those of general women. Thus, the diagnosis may be delayed due to the unspecified symptoms.Tuberculosis does not affect the pregnancy so as pregnancy does not interfere the clinical manifestation and progressiveness of disease if accompanied by adequate chemotherapy. The administration of appropriate regimen could improve the quality of mothers’ life, reduce the side effects on foetus and prevent the infection of a newborn baby. Antituberculosis drugs are divided into 2 groups: the first line and the second line. The first line drugs with the exception of streptomycin can be used to treat tuberculosis in pregnancy. The usage of streptomycin and second line drugs (kanamycin, etionamid, kapreomycin) should be avoided because their side effects on foetus except in the case of multidrug resistance (MDR). Keywords : Tuberculosis, pregnancy, antituberculosis drugs
Language : Indonesia

Role of serologic bone marker in osteoporosis management

By Adi Priyana*

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder with reduced bone density and strength. This lead increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis can be classified as primary and secondary osteoporosis. Primary osteoporosis is found in menopaused women due to reduced estrogen hormone, and in men due to reduced calcium. Many primary diseases can cause secondary osteoporosis. Bone mass density can be considered as a standard examination for osteoporosis but it is still controversial because it need more than 2 years to differentiate bone mass. But bone marker examination can give description of remodelling process in bones only for 3–6 months, such as bone resorption by osteoclast and bone formation by osteoblasts. Bone marker analysis can support the diagnosis of osteoporosis, therapeutic response, identify the causal factors, select the mode of therapy, and study the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this review some bone markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, P1-NP, and b-CrossLaps and their use in osteoporosis will be described. Keywords: Osteoporosis, bone marker, osteocalcin, P1-NP dan ß-CrossLaps
Language : Indonesia