Vol. 22 No. 3, Page 83-115

September 1, 2003

Comparison between dipstick serological test and Widal for typhoid fever diagnosis

By M. Sabir*, Yadi*, Firdaus*,**, Mochammad Hatta*,**

Typhoid fever is a serious systemic disease and difficult to diagnose using clinical signs, and symptoms. Laboratory tests like dipstick and Widal are important to support the diagnosis of typhoid fever. The objective of  this study was to determine the sensitivity of Widal and dipstick tests in diagnosing typhoid fever. One hundred twenty nine serum samples obtained from febrile patients suspected with typhoid fever were tested by dipstick and Widal. The samples were collected from several PUSKESMAS in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Results were evaluated and compared to the standard diagnostic procedures used by physicians in the PUSKESMAS. The study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of dipstick test were 96.7% and 85,5%, respectively, whereas those of Widal were 91.7% and 84.1%, respectively. By using McNemar test, it was shown that there was no difference between Widal and dipstick tests in diagnosing typhoid fever(p>0.05).

Language : Indonesia

Comparison between anxiety disorder and several demographic characteristics in women 15-55 years

By I Made S. Wiguna, Ayub Sani Ibrahim

        Everyone experience anxiety, a diffuse unpleasant, vague sense of apprehension, often accompanied by autonomic symptoms. Anxiety is an allerting signal it warns of impending danger and enables a person to take measures to deal with a threat. About 8.3% of general population have a diagnosable anxiety disorder. A cross-sectional study to obtain an information on anxiety disorder among women 15 to 55 years of age was conducted in West Jakarta from May through December 2001. This study included 700 respondents. Questionnaires of Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) were given to the respondents and the data collected were analyzed. Results showed that the prevalence of anxiety disorder among women 15 to 55 years of age in Tanjung Duren district, West Jakarta was 8.71%. There were significant associations between ageing education, working and marriage status and anxiety disorder in women 15 - 55 years of age.

Language : Indonesia

Profile of health management during and after flooding in Jakarta

By Rina K. Kusumaratna

        Flooding was a natural disaster, which is caused suddenly, and made living environment damage, changes the quality of environment and caused of health problem in the community. The aim of the study was to determine the health management profile on local community during and post flooding at Tebet Health Center, mainly at Bukit Duri and Kebon Baru sub-districts. The study design was a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study with closed-ended questionnaire and databased on health post. All of the patients who visit to the health post were taken as respondent. The aged of the patients range between less than one year to more than 60 years, 12.5% was under 5 and 4% the elderly. Seventy percent of the patients were come from more than two meters depth of water. The incidence rate of respiratory tract infection was 47 per 100, skin infection 23 per 100 and diarrhea 12 per 100. Children under-5 years of age was mostly suffered from respiratory tract and diarrhea, the elderly were suffered respiratory tract and skin infection. The personal resources at health post were a medical doctor, young-doctors and paramedic, who is due at three shifts a day. The fund and material resources were from the government and donation. The environment condition at the shelters were too crowded, had minimal ventilation, limited facility and water supply resources. Resources at the health post was planned and good organized, but more attention needed on medical supply.

Language : Indonesia

Carpal tunnel syndrome in workers: prevention and therapy

By Lusianawaty Tana

        Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disorder caused by entrapment of medianus nerve in the carpal tunnel at wrist. Many factors are related to CTS, such as intrinsic factors, over usage of hands in hobby or work, and trauma. CTS can cause disability to the workers because the pain limits hand wrist functions. This condition will decrease their productivity and increase cost. Prevention is needed and can be conducted by practicing the principles of ergonomic in the workplace, tools, procedures and environments. Early treatment is very important before the syndrome is getting worse.

Language : Indonesia

Impact of hyperglycaemia on survival of stroke patients

By Riani Indiyarti

Stroke is the most common neurological disorder causing death or disability. The incidence of stroke is increasing; make the prevention effort to be the first choice by controlling the risk factor. Hyperglycemia at the acute stroke patient can be a sign of diabetes mellitus or stress neuroendocrine response (reactive hyperglycemia). Diabetes mellitus is a major stroke risk factor, increasing 2-3 fold risk of ischemic stroke and increasing mortality and disability. Reactive hyperglycemia is a non-specific reaction to the tissue damage stress by inducing sympathetic system (locus ceruleus–nor epinephrine/LC–NE ) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). Hyperglycemia will cause cellular acidosis, increase excitatory neurotransmitter and intracellular calcium. This condition will cause neuronal damage. Hyperglycemia, both diabetes mellitus and reactive hyperglycemia, will increase the mortality and the neurological deficit.

Language : Indonesia

Astrocytoma: incidence and therapy

By Iskandar Japardi

strocytoma is the most common brain tumor, accounting for more than half of all primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Most astrocytoma are indolent low-grade (ie, WHO grade I-II) tumors predominantly arise in midline locations, such as the cerebellum and diencephalic region. Diffuse astrocytomas (ie, WHO grade II) may arise in any area of the CNS but most commonly develop in the cerebrum. And the malignant high-grade (ie, WHO grade III-IV) tumors are generally found in the cerebral hemispheres. Most cases occur in the first decade of life with peak age at 5-9 years. Surgical resection alone is sufficient to cure the mayority of low-grade astrocytomas; however the prognosis remains poor for high-grade astrocytomas inspite of the additon of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Language : Indonesia