Vol. 25 No. 2, Page 53-104

April 1, 2006

Analysis of sulfamethazine fates : an animal experimental with limited

By Mochamad Lazuardi

Sulfamethazine has been reported to destroy in vivo infection caused by positives and negative gram microorganism. The objective of this study was to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of sulfamethazine in subjects with limited N-acetyltransferase (mixed breed species and original breed species). We determined the kinetics parameter of ten mixed breed subjects and ten original breed subjects. The mixed breed subjects were used Bali mixed breed dogs and the original breed subjects were used German shepherd dogs. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion kinetics and metabolic phenotypes of subjects with mixed breed condition were determined by spectrophotometer UV-Vis at 545 nm wave length and compared with original breed dogs. The result research showed that several of kinetic parameters between two species of breed dog were similar at p>0.05. The incidence of the poor metabolizer genotype between two species of dog was similar (p>0.05). The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion profiles of sulfamethazine between two species dog of limited N-acetyltransferase (original dog and mixed breed) were similar.

Language : English

Effect of vitamin C and E on airway goblet cells in rat due to cigarette smoke exposure

By Hanslavina Arkeman dan David

Previous investigations showed hypersecretion of mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia of respiratory tract in smokers with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is present. A number of other investigations suggest that the main factor causing goblet cell hyperplasia is chronic exposure to cigarette smoke. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant vitamin C and E supplementation on goblet cell hyperplasia due to cigarette smoke exposure. Experimental posttest only control group design recruited 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250–300 gram. The animals were randomized into four groups, control group, treated group without vitamin C and E, treated group with vitamin C, and treated group with vitamin E. Each animal in the treated group was exposed daily for 30 minute to 8 smoke cigarettes for 20 days. The result showed that there was a significant difference in the number of goblet cell hyperplasia between the control and the treated group (p = 0.000), due to cigarette smoke exposure; and was no significant difference in the number of cell goblet between the control and the treated group + vitamin C and E (p = 0.816), indicating the effect of antioxidants to reduce the occurrence of goblet cell hyperplasia.These findings suggest that administration of vitamins C and E in rats exposed to cigarette smoke may be beneficial in the prevention of goblet cells hyperplasia.

Language : Indonesia

Childhood malnutrition improvement through a positive deviance approach : a trial in Cianjur district

By K. Aryastami

        Malnutrition is an outcome of a complex set of interrelated behavioral, social, psychological, and physical factors at the community, household, and individual levels. Positive deviance (PD) is a culturally appropriate development approach that is tailored to the specific community in which it is used. This method has been implemented to improve the nutritional status of children that described as children who have a good nutritional status were grow up and raised in poor family and communities where a high number of children are malnourished and frequently ill. A trial of this model was conducted in Cianjur district, West Java. A total of 150 children under five years of age who were undernourished participated in this trial. This trial showed that within six months, the severely malnourished children (30%) were reduced to 10.9%. Similarly, 20.9% of the participant’s children gained their good nutritional status. The improvement of the children nutritional status suggested that this improved mother’s positive behavior. The results showed the PD approach is an effective method and can be sustained. From those experiences it is seemed that PD approach is a good model for improving malnourished children compare to providing food supplementation only. However, a big effort should be done by the government in terms of guidance and supervision. Hence reward system has to be considered by the government, such as by allocating some community funds as rewards and compliment for the community/cadress.

Language : Indonesia

Working style as a risk factor of occupational overuse syndrome among men workers in detergent company

By Ridwan Harrianto*, Johny Sulistio**, M.R. Rachmawaty*, Diana Samara*

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system constitute a considerable health problem in industrialsed societies. Much interest had been paid to occupational overuse syndrome(OOS), a work related upper limb disorders which are a heterogeneus group of disorders for condition of pain in neck, shoulder and upper limb. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate working style as a risk factor of OOS. A total of 223 production unit detergent company workers at Cikarang. were interviewed and examined. Clinical criteria for eight main OOS diagnosis were difined. Symptoms of OOS cases were assesed by a simple questionnaire, the diagnosis of OOS was confirm by clinical examination. The study showed that prevalence rate of OOS was 19.73%. The most common diagnosis of OOS were myofascial pain syndrome, lateral epicondilitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and rotator cuff tendinitis. Packers have the risk to get OOS 2.63 times more than non packing workers (95% CI=1.8 – 5.84). More over, for each age groups, the adult generation (35-49 years) have the risk to get OOS 2,1 times more than the younger generation (19-34 years) as well as the older generation (50 – 58 years). The workers’s age and working style among packers were the risk factors for the occurence of OOS. A better understanding of work activity regulation of older workers and ergonomic intervention may have a greater impact to tackle the problem.

Language : Indonesia

Soil-transmitted helminth infections : ascariasis, trichiuriasis and hookworm

By Suriptiastuti

        Soil-transmitted helminth infection is a global public health problem which is endemic in communities in rural area. The three main soil transmitted helminth infection, Ascaris,Trichiuris, and hookworm are common clinical disorders in man. High-risk groups for soil-transmitted helminth infections are children and women of childbearing age. Worm control targeting school-age children benefits not only these children but also has direct and indirect benefits for the whole population.The benzimidazole anthelmentics, mebendazole and albendazole, are commonly used to remove these infections. The use of these drugs is not limited to treatment of symptomatic soil-transmitted helminth infections, but also for large scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. To control helminth infection in the communities, World Health Organization developed guidelines which suggest three major field actions in a coordinated effort: chemotherapy, improved sanitation and health education Concern about the sustainability of periodic deworming with benzimidazole anthtelmenthics and the emergence of resistance have prompted efforts to develop and test new control tools.

Language : Indonesia

Current treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma)

By David dan Fajar Arifin

        Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign tumor of undifferentiated cells. The exact cell of origin is unknown. The anatomical characteristics of bone GCT still present challenges to surgeons. It is a benign but potentially aggressive lesion with high rates of local recurrence and metastases.GCT is more common in South East Asia than in the West. The incidence is about 20% compared to 4 to 5% in the West. Peak incidence is in the third decade with 70% occuring between 20 and 40 years of age. Most of GCT is localized in the knee joint (epiphyses) and female with 3rd decade has a higher ratio than male. GCT has different radiologic appearance in each stage, on GCT will found lytic lesion tumor which geographic type expansile, eccentric, with thinning cortex, if in aggressive condition will seen the destruction of cortex with periosteal reaction and the expansion to soft tissue. Several treatment strategies have been developed for GCT, including surgery, radiotherapy,embolization, cryosurgery, cementation, and chemical adjuvant such as phenol or liquid nitrogen.Surgical management remains the mainstay of the treatment processes. When using the Enneking grading system, the higher the radiographic grading, the more radical the required surgery. It is generally agreed that radical resection achieves the best results; however, radical resection is often difficult in patients with bone lesions.

Language : Indonesia