Tuberculosis is still endemic in developing countries, and tuberculomas account for 30% of intracranial space occupying lesions. In industrial nations, intracerebral tuberculomas have become rare and may represent as little as 0.1-0.2% of space occupying lesions. To know the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intracerebral tuberculoma, a series of intracerebral tuberculomas lesions were selected and analyzed. A retrospective study was conducted on patients that were treated in a private hospital, Karawaci, Tangerang. During 1996-2003 there were 28 patients with tuberculoma. If the mass effect was prominent, or the lesion did not give good respond to medicine treatment, or the lesion was superficial, a surgery was done. From 28 patients with tuberculoma, 25 (89.3%) patients underwent surgery while the other three pateints were treated conservatively with antituberculosis. In this series, both operative and conservative treatment showed effectiveness without recurrence. Management of patients with tuberculoma depended on patients condition. If patient was stable without prominent mass effect, conservative treatment should be applied first. Both conservative and operative treatment give good results.

Keywords : Tuberculoma, intracerebral, conservative, operative

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of stimulant drink on fatigue induced by physical activity. This research was an in vivo experimental cross over design using 30 Sprague-Dawley furrow white rats in body weight between 180-200 g. The stimulant drink contained taurine, ginseng, caffeine, vitamins B1, B6, B12, honey, and glucose. The rats were randomized into two groups, one group receiving 2 ml of stimulant drink and the other group receiving aquadest in equal volume as a control group. The dosage of stimulant drink was ten times to that used in adult human. Swim test was done to both rat groups to measure their struggling capacity. Blood lactic acid concentration was measured twice, before and after the swim test. The increase of blood lactic acid concentration used to detect the accumulation of lactic acid induced by physical activity. The results showed that there was a significant difference in struggling capacity (p<0.001) between the group with stimulant drink administration and control group, but there was no significant difference in blood lactic acid accumulation (p>0.001).

Keywords: Stimulant drink, struggling, fatigue, lactic acid

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or hepatoma is one of the most common primary cancer of the liver and is occuring with increasing frequency in the world. The likely reason for the rising incidence is the spread of hepatitis virus infection in the population. Two viruses cause this tumor are hepatitis virus B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The global distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with geographic prevalence of chronic carrier of HBV. The highest rates are in Southeast Asia and sub-Sahara Africa. Persistent infection with HCV is also important for HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma has a poor prognosis with five-year survival rates less than 5 percent.When identified at early stages of the disease, the tumor maybe curable by radical treatments such as resection, liver transplantation, or local ablation. Nonsurgical treatments which include chemoembolization, percutaneous injections, and other techniques may be applied to patients on the waiting list to prevent tumor progression. These procedures has also shown to improve the survival rates slightly.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, nonsurgical, management

Workers in processing food industry who exposed by continuously repetitive hand wrist movement will be get carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Several studies showed that the prevalence of CTS around 22-73%. Risk of CTS among women is three times higher than men. Prevalence of CTS within food processing workers in Indonesia has not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify prevalence and factors which related to CTS. The data were collected by guided interviews, observation, physical examination, and provocative tests. The prevalence of CTS in slaughter house department that consist of cut up and evisceration department were 27%. High repetitive movement (OR=2.42; CI=1.57-3.74) and overweight (BMI>25) (OR=3.72; CI=1.45-9.53) showed significant relationship with CTS. High repetitive handwrist movement could increase the risk of CTS in processing women workers. It means that job rotation between cut up and evisceration workers in slaughter house department is needed to avoid CTS.

Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), repetitive movement, women

Increasing number of teenage population in Indonesia deserves more attention especially regarding the nutritional problems faced by teenagers. The growth spurt period in teenage increases nutrient requirement compared to that of other life phases. However, calcium intake as one of the most important nutrient for growth is suspected to be considerably lower than its requirement. This study aimed at describing calcium intake among high school students in Bandung City and its relationship to sex, knowledge about calcium, and physical activity. Study design was cross sectional and data was collected during April-May 2004 period. Population of the study was all Grade I and II of 13 high schools in Bandung city with 1,254 samples. The study showed that the average calcium intake was lower than requirement (AKG/Angka Kecukupan Gizi/Indonesian RDA), that is 55.9% of AKG or 559.05 mg/day. As many as 76.2% respondents consumed calcium less than 75% of AKG. Statistical tests showed significant relationships between calcium intake and sex (PR=1.09;95% Confidence interval 1.02-1.16) and between calcium intake and physical activity (PR=1.13;95% Confidence interval 1.02-1.24). To prevent problems at later ages such as osteoporosis, it is suggested to increase calcium intake particularly among female teenagers. Physical activity should also be increased as to maximize peak bone mass (PBM).

Keywords: Calcium intake, adolescent, nutrition, osteoporosis

Aging population at 2002 in the world is estimated about 605 million. In 2025 the aging population increases to 1.2 billion and about 840 million are staying at developing countries. Aging is natural process which occurs to everybody and no one can change these. Increases the amount of aging population must be suggest with healthy aging. With these concept, we can improve the quality of life in the elderly. Healthy aging can develop with promotion, prevention, curation and rehabilition of the health. One of the method to reach healthy aging is routine laboratory examination. To choose the best methods of laboratory examination, the elderly had to know their health problems. The assessment of inflammatory markers may represents a useful screening test as a method for early diagnosis of chronic diseases in the elderly.

Keywords : Elderly, healthy aging, laboratory panel, routine